CLEAR SOURCES. CLEAR LIMITS.
Data & sources
Keep scientific principles, published observations and future outlooks distinct. A teaching diagram should never be mistaken for live data.
NOAA Climate Prediction Center
Our reference for ENSO status, ocean–atmosphere conditions and probability outlooks. The homepage summarizes the September 10, 2026 bulletin, checked on September 29, 2026. Updates are manual.
Read the ENSO Diagnostic DiscussionNOAA Climate.gov
Background on ENSO definitions, ocean–atmosphere feedback and global impacts. Some resources are historical explainers and do not establish the current ENSO status.
El Niño and La Niña FAQENSO resourcesIndependent explanations, traceable references
Hotweather Climate Observatory is an independent educational website, not an official NOAA or weather-service publication. Content is compiled from references with AI-assisted editing. For forecasts, warnings and protective action, follow your local weather service and authorities.
The interactive diagram illustrates ocean–atmosphere relationships. It uses no live measurements, and its colors do not represent specific temperatures. We do not attribute an individual extreme-weather event to ENSO alone.